Professor Elizabeth Gillam

Professor

School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science

e.gillam@uq.edu.au

Researcher biography

Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: biological catalysts of unprecedented versatility.

Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs, P450s) especially those responsible for drug metabolism in humans, are the unifying theme of the research in our lab. These fascinating enzymes are catalysts of exceptional versatility, and functional diversity. In humans they are principally responsible for the clearance of a practically unlimited variety of chemicals from the body, but are also critical in many important physiological processes. In other organisms (plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, almost everything!) they carry out an unprecedented range of functions, such as defense, chemical communication, neural development and even pigmentation. Recently we have discovered that P450s are present within cells in the Fe(II) form, a finding that has led to a radical revision of the dogma concerning the P450 catalytic cycle, and has implications for the control of uncoupling of P450 activity in cells.

The capabilities of P450s are only just coming to be fully recognized and structural studies on P450s should yield critical insights into how enzyme structure determines function. Moreover, the biotechnological potential of P450s remains yet to be exploited. All of the specific research themes detailed below take advantage of our recognized expertise in the expression of recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes in bacteria. Our group is interested in finding out how P450s work and how they can be made to work better.

Artificial evolution of P450s for drug development and bioremediation: a way of exploring the sequence space and catalytic potential of P450s. The demonstrated catalytic diversity of P450 enzymes makes them the ideal starting material for engineering sophisticated chemical reagents to catalyse difficult chemical transformations. We are using artificial (or directed) evolution to engineer enzymes that are more efficient, robust and specialized than naturally occurring enzymes with the aim of selecting for properties that are commercially useful in the areas of drug discovery and development and bioremediation of pollutants in the environment. The approach we are using also allows us to explore the essential sequence and structural features that underpin all ~12000 known P450s so as to determine how they work.

P450s in brain: relevance to mental illness and neurodegenerative diseases. While P450s are responsible for the metabolic clearance of drugs from the human body, this is not always a benevolent process: sometimes metabolites are generated that are chemically reactive and may cause mutagenic or other toxic effects. Moreover P450s are involved in the synthesis and degradation of important endogenous chemicals, physiological roles which can be affected by drugs and dietary chemicals. We are particularly interested in the role of P450s in brain chemistry. P450s localised in mitochondria have recently been shown to contribute to the neurotoxicity of some drugs and can lead to oxidative damage to mitochondria, possibly contributing to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.

Biosketch:

After graduating from UQ with first class Honours in Biochemistry, Elizabeth took up a Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 Overseas Scholarship to pursue doctoral work at Oxford University then undertook postdoctoral work at the Center in Molecular Toxicology and Department of Biochemistry at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine with Prof. F.P. Guengerich. She returned to UQ in 1993 to take up a position in Pharmacology and joined the School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences in 2009 as a Professor of Biochemistry.

Publications

Book Chapters (9)

Journal Articles (128)

Conference Papers (33)

Newspaper Article (1)

Book Chapters

Ross, Connie M., Foley, Gabriel, Boden, Mikael and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2022). Using the evolutionary history of proteins to engineer insertion-deletion mutants from robust, ancestral templates using Graphical Representation of Ancestral Sequence Predictions (GRASP). Enzyme engineering. (pp. 85-110) edited by Francesca Magnani, Chiara Marabelli and Francesca Paradisi. New York, NY, United States: Humana Press. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1826-4_6

Thomson, Raine E.S., D'Cunha, Stephlina A., Hayes, Martin A. and Gillam, Elizabeth M.J. (2022). Use of engineered cytochromes P450 for accelerating drug discovery and development. Pharmacology and toxicology of cytochrome P450 – 60th anniversary. (pp. 195-252) edited by Hiroshi Yamazaki. Cambridge, MA, United States: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.06.001

Jackson, Colin J., Gillam, Elizabeth M.J. and Ollis, David L. (2020). Directed evolution of enzymes. Comprehensive Natural Products III: Chemistry and biology. (pp. 654-673) London, United Kingdom: Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/B978-008045382-8.00675-4

Gillam, Elizabeth M. J., Copp, Janine N. and Ackerley, David F. (2014). Preface. Directed evolution library creation: methods and protocols. (pp. v-vi) edited by Elizabeth M.J. Gillam, Janine N. Copp and David Ackerley. New York, NY United States: Humana Press.

Zaugg, Julian, Gumulya, Yosephine, Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. and Bodén, Mikael (2014). Computational tools for directed evolution: a comparison of prospective and retrospective strategies. Directed evolution library creation: methods and protocols. (pp. 315-333) edited by Elizabeth M. J. Gillam, Janine N. Copp and David F. Ackerley. New York, NY, United States: Humana Press. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1053-3_21

Behrendorff, James B. Y. H., Johnston, Wayne A. and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2013). DNA shuffling of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Cytochrome P450 protocols. (pp. 177-188) edited by Ian R. Phillips, Elizabeth A. Shepherd and Paul R. Ortiz de Montellano. New York, NY, United States: Humana Press. doi: 10.1007/978-1-62703-321-3_16

Johnston, Wayne A. and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2013). Measurement of P450 difference spectra using intact cells. Cytochrome P450 protocols. (pp. 189-204) edited by Ian R. Phillips, Elizabeth A. Shepherd and Paul R. Ortiz de Montellano. New York, NY, United States: Humana Press. doi: 10.1007/978-1-62703-321-3_17

Jackson, Colin J., Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. and Ollis, David L. (2010). Directed evolution of enzymes. Comprehensive natural products II chemistry and biology. (pp. 723-749) edited by Lewis Mander and Hung-Wen Liu. Oxford, England, Unied Kingdom: Elsevier.

Gillam, E. M. J. and Hunter, D. J. B. (2007). Chemical Defence and Exploitation: Biotransformation of Xenobiotics by Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. (pp. 477-560) edited by Astrid Sigel, Helmut Sigel and Roland K. O. Sigel. West Sussex: John Wiley and sons. doi: 10.1002/9780470028155.ch15

Journal Articles

Jones, Bethan S., Ross, Connie M., Foley, Gabriel, Pozhydaieva, Nadiia, Sharratt, Joseph W., Kress, Nico, Seibt, Lisa S., Thomson, Raine E. S., Gumulya, Yosephine, Hayes, Martin A., Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. and Flitsch, Sabine L. (2024). Engineering Biocatalysts for the C−H Activation of Fatty Acids by Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction**. Angewandte Chemie, 136 (18). doi: 10.1002/ange.202314869

Jurva, Ulrik, Sandinge, Ann-Sofie, Baek, Jong Min, Avanthay, Mickael, Thomson, Raine ES, D'Cunha, Stephlina A, Andersson, Shalini, Hayes, Martin A. and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2024). Biocatalysis using thermostable cytochrome P450 enzymes in bacterial membranes - comparison of metabolic pathways with human liver microsomes and recombinant human enzymes. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 52 (3), DMD-AR. doi: 10.1124/dmd.123.001569

Jones, Bethan S., Ross, Connie M., Foley, Gabriel, Pozhydaieva, Nadiia, Sharratt, Joseph W., Kress, Nico, Seibt, Lisa S., Thomson, Raine E. S., Gumulya, Yosephine, Hayes, Martin A., Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. and Flitsch, Sabine (2024). Engineering Biocatalysts for the C‐H Activation of Fatty Acids by Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 63 (18) e202314869, e202314869. doi: 10.1002/anie.202314869

Dun, Elizabeth A., Brewer, Philip B., Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. and Beveridge, Christine A. (2023). Strigolactones and shoot branching: what is the real hormone and how does it work?. Plant And Cell Physiology, 64 (9), 967-983. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcad088

Agustinus, Bernadius and Gillam, Elizabeth M.J. (2023). Solar-powered P450 catalysis: Engineering electron transfer pathways from photosynthesis to P450s. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 245 112242, 1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112242

Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. and Kramlinger, Valerie M (2023). Opportunities for accelerating drug discovery and development by using engineered drug-metabolizing enzymes. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 51 (3), 392-402. doi: 10.1124/dmd.121.000743

Mellor, Silas B., Behrendorff, James B. Y. H., Ipsen, Johan Ø., Crocoll, Christoph, Laursen, Tomas, Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. and Pribil, Mathias (2023). Exploiting photosynthesis-driven P450 activity to produce indican in tobacco chloroplasts. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13 1049177, 1-17. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1049177

Foley, Gabriel, Mora, Ariane, Ross, Connie M., Bottoms, Scott, Sützl, Leander, Lamprecht, Marnie L., Zaugg, Julian, Essebier, Alexandra, Balderson, Brad, Newell, Rhys, Thomson, Raine E. S., Kobe, Bostjan, Barnard, Ross T., Guddat, Luke, Schenk, Gerhard, Carsten, Jörg, Gumulya, Yosephine, Rost, Burkhard, Haltrich, Dietmar, Sieber, Volker, Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. and Bodén, Mikael (2022). Engineering indel and substitution variants of diverse and ancient enzymes using Graphical Representation of Ancestral Sequence Predictions (GRASP). PL o S Computational Biology, 18 (10) e1010633, e1010633. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010633

Thomson, Raine E.S., Carrera-Pacheco, Saskya E. and Gillam, Elizabeth M.J. (2022). Engineering functional thermostable proteins using ancestral sequence reconstruction. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 298 (10) 102435, 1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102435

Vinde, Marcos H., Cao, Da, Chesterfield, Rebecca J., Yoneyama, Kaori, Gumulya, Yosephine, Thomson, Raine E. S., Matila, Tebogo, Ebert, Birgitta E., Beveridge, Christine A., Vickers, Claudia E. and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2022). Ancestral sequence reconstruction of the CYP711 family reveals functional divergence in strigolactone biosynthetic enzymes associated with gene duplication events in monocot grasses. New Phytologist, 235 (5), 1900-1912. doi: 10.1111/nph.18285

Harris, Kurt L., Thomson, Raine E.S., Gumulya, Yosephine, Foley, Gabriel, Carrera-Pacheco, Saskya E., Syed, Parnayan, Janosik, Tomasz, Sandinge, Ann-Sofie, Andersson, Shalini, Jurva, Ulrik, Bodén, Mikael and Gillam, Elizabeth M.J. (2022). Ancestral sequence reconstruction of a cytochrome P450 family involved in chemical defense reveals the functional evolution of a promiscuous, xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme in vertebrates. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 39 (6) msac116. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msac116

Hartz, Philip, Strohmaier, Silja J., EL‐Gayar, Basma M., Abdulmughni, Ammar, Hutter, Michael C., Hannemann, Frank, Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. and Bernhardt, Rita (2021). Resurrection and characterization of ancestral CYP11A1 enzymes. The FEBS Journal, 288 (22) febs.16054, 6510-6527. doi: 10.1111/febs.16054

Strohmaier, Silja J., De Voss, James J., Jurva, Ulrik, Andersson, Shalini and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2020). Oxygen surrogate systems for supporting human drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes. Drug Metabolism and Disposition , 48 (6), 432-437. doi: 10.1124/dmd.120.090555

Bart, Aaron G., Harris, Kurt L., Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. and Scott, Emily E. (2020). Structure of an ancestral mammalian family 1B1 cytochrome P450 with increased thermostability. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 295 (17), 5640-5653. doi: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010727

Strohmaier, Silja J., Baek, Jong Min, De Voss, James J., Jurva, Ulrik, Andersson, Shalini and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2020). An inexpensive, efficient alternative to NADPH to support catalysis by thermostable cytochrome P450 enzymes. ChemCatChem, 12 (6) cctc.201902235, 1750-1761. doi: 10.1002/cctc.201902235

Foley, Gabriel, Sützl, Leander, D'Cunha, Stephlina A., Gillam, Elizabeth M.J. and Bodén, Mikael (2019). SeqScrub: a web tool for automatic cleaning and annotation of FASTA file headers for bioinformatic applications. BioTechniques, 67 (2), 50-54. doi: 10.2144/btn-2018-0188

Strohmaier, Silja J., Huang, Weiliang, Baek, Jong-Min, Hunter, Dominic J. B. and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2019). Rational evolution of the cofactor-binding site of cytochrome P450 reductase yields variants with increased activity towards specific cytochrome P450 enzymes. FEBS Journal, 286 (22) febs.14982, 4473-4493. doi: 10.1111/febs.14982

Sützl, Leander, Foley, Gabriel, Gillam, Elizabeth M J, Bodén, Mikael and Haltrich, Dietmar (2019). The GMC superfamily of oxidoreductases revisited: analysis and evolution of fungal GMC oxidoreductases. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 12 (1) 118, 118. doi: 10.1186/s13068-019-1457-0

Gumulya, Yosephine, Huang, Weiliang, D'Cunha, Stephlina A., Richards, Katelyn E., Thomson, Raine E.S., Hunter, Dominic J.B., Baek, Jong-Min, Harris, Kurt L., Boden, Mikael, De Voss, James J., Hayes, Martin A., Isin, Emre M., Andersson, Shalini, Jurva, Ulrik and Gillam, Elizabeth (2019). Engineering thermostable CYP2D enzymes for biocatalysis using combinatorial libraries of ancestors for directed evolution (CLADE). ChemCatChem, 11 (2) cctc.201801644, 841-850. doi: 10.1002/cctc.201801644

Gumulya, Yosephin, Baek, Jong-Min, Wun, Shun-Jie, Thomson, Raine E. S., Harris, Kurt L., Hunter, Dominic J. B., Behrendorff, James B. Y. H., Kulig, Justyna, Zheng, Shan, Wu, Xueming, Wu, Bin, Stok, Jeanette E., De Voss, James J., Schenk, Gerhard, Jurva, Ulrik, Andersson, Shalini, Isin, Emre M., Bodén, Mikael, Guddat, Luke and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2018). Engineering highly functional thermostable proteins using ancestral sequence reconstruction. Nature Catalysis, 1 (11), 878-888. doi: 10.1038/s41929-018-0159-5

Harris, Kurt L., Thomson, Raine E. S., Strohmaier, Silja J., Gumulya, Yosephine and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2018). Determinants of thermostability in the cytochrome P450 fold. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics, 1866 (1), 97-115. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.08.003

Traylor, Matthew J., Baek, Jong-Min, Richards, Katelyn E., Fusetto, Roberto, Huang, W., Josh, Peter, Chen, Zhenzhong, Bollapragada, Padma, O'Hair, Richard A.J., Batterham, Phillip and Gillam, Elizabeth M.J. (2017). Recombinant expression and characterization of Lucilia cuprina CYP6G3: Activity and binding properties toward multiple pesticides. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 90, 14-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.09.004

Behrendorff, James B. Y. H. and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2017). Prospects for applying synthetic biology to toxicology: future opportunities and current limitations for the repurposing of cytochrome P450 systems. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 30 (1), 453-468. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00396

Gumulya, Yosephine and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2016). Exploring the past and the future of protein evolution with ancestral sequence reconstruction: the 'retro' approach to protein engineering. Biochemical Journal, 474 (1), 1-19. doi: 10.1042/BCJ20160507

Salla, Manohar, Butler, Mark S., Pelingon, Ruby, Kaeslin, Geraldine, Croker, Daniel E., Reid, Janet C., Baek, Jong-Min, Bernhardt, Paul V., Gillam, Elizabeth M. J., Cooper, Matthew A. and Robertson, Avril A. B. (2016). Identification, synthesis, and biological evaluation of the major human metabolite of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950. ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 7 (12), 1034-1038. doi: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00198

Toselli, Francesca, Dodd, Peter R. and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2016). Emerging roles for brain drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes in neuropsychiatric conditions and responses to drugs. Drug Metabolism Reviews, 48 (3), 379-404. doi: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1221960

Huang, Weiliang, Johnston, Wayne A., Boden, Mikael and Gillam, Elizabeth M.J. (2016). ReX: A suite of computational tools for the design, visualization, and analysis of chimeric protein libraries. BioTechniques, 60 (2), 91-94. doi: 10.2144/000114381

Bendikov, Matthew Y., Miners, John O., Simpson, Bradley S., Elliot, David J., Semple, Susan J., Claudie, David J., McKinnon, Ross A., Gillam, Elizabeth M. and Sykes, Matthew J. (2016). In vitro metabolism of the anti-inflammatory clerodane diterpenoid polyandric acid A and its hydrolysis product by human liver microsomes and recombinant cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes. Xenobiotica, 47 (6), 1-9. doi: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1203041

Toselli, Francesca, de Waziers, Isabelle, Dutheil, Mary, Vincent, Marc, Wilce, Peter A., Dodd, Peter R., Beaune, Philippe, Loriot, Marie-Anne and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2015). Gene expression profiling of cytochromes P450, ABC transporters and their principal transcription factors in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex of alcoholics, smokers and drug-free controls by qRT-PCR. Xenobiotica, 45 (12), 1129-1137. doi: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1040102

Toselli, Francesca, Depaz, Iris M. Booth, Worrall, Simon, Etheridge, Naomi, Dodd, Peter R., Wilce, Peter A. and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2015). Expression of CYP2E1 and CYP2U1 proteins in amygdala and prefrontal cortex: influence of alcoholism and smoking. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 39 (5), 790-797. doi: 10.1111/acer.12697

Behrendorff, James B. Y. H, Huang, Weiliang and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J (2015). Directed evolution of cytochrome P450 enzymes for biocatalysis: exploiting the catalytic versatility of enzymes with relaxed substrate specificity. Biochemical Journal, 467 (1), 1-15. doi: 10.1042/BJ20141493

Booth Depaz, Iris M., Toselli, Francesca, Wilce, Peter A. and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2015). Differential expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes from the CYP2C subfamily in the human brain. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 43 (3), 353-357. doi: 10.1124/dmd.114.061242

Behrendorff, James B. Y. H, Johnston, Wayne A. and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J (2014). Restriction Enzyme-Mediated DNA Family Shuffling. Methods in Molecular Biology, 1179, 175-187. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1053-3_12

Gillam, Elizabeth M.J., Copp, Janine N. and Ackerley, David F. (2014). Preface. Methods in Molecular Biology, 1179.

Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. and Hayes, Martin A. (2013). The evolution of cytochrome P450 enzymes as biocatalysts in drug discovery and development. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 13 (18), 2254-2280. doi: 10.2174/15680266113136660158

Depaz, Iris M. Booth, Toselli, Francesca, Wilce, Peter A. and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2013). Differential expression of human cytochrome P450 enzymes from the CYP3A subfamily in the brains of alcoholic subjects and drug-free controls. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 41 (6), 1187-1194. doi: 10.1124/dmd.113.051359

Cheesman, Matthew J., Traylor, Matthew. J., Hilton, Margaret E., Richards, Katelyn E., Taylor, Matthew C., Daborn, Philip J., Russell, Robyn J., Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. and Oakeshott, John G. (2013). Soluble and membrane-bound Drosophila melanogaster CYP6G1 expressed in Escherichia coli: purification, activity, and binding properties toward multiple pesticides. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43 (5), 455-465. doi: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.02.003

Behrendorff, James B. Y. H., Moore, Chad D., Kim, Keon-Hee, Kim, Dae-Hwan, Smith, Christopher A., Johnston, Wayne A., Yun, Chui-Ho, Yost, Garold S. and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2012). Directed evolution reveals requisite sequence elements in the functional expression of P450 2F1 in Escherichia coli. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 25 (9), 1964-1974. doi: 10.1021/tx300281g

Rowland, Susan L., Lawrie, Gwen A., Behrendorff, James B. Y. H. and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2012). Is the undergraduate research experience (URE) always best?: The power of choice in a bifurcated practical stream for a large introductory biochemistry class. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, 40 (1), 46-62. doi: 10.1002/bmb.20576

Johnston, Wayne A., Hunter, Dominic J. B., Noble, Christopher J., Hanson, Graeme R., Stok, Jeanette E., Hayes, Martin A., De Voss, James J. and Gillam, Elizabeth M.J. (2011). Cytochrome P450 is present in both ferrous and ferric forms in the resting state within intact Escherichia coli and hepatocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 286 (47), 40750-40759. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.300871

Hunter, D.J.B., Behrendorff, J.B.Y.H., Johnston, W.A., Hayes, P.Y., Huang, W., Bonn, B., Hayes, M.A., De Voss, J.J. and Gillam, E.M.J (2011). Facile production of minor metabolites for drug development using a CYP3A shuffled library. Metabolic Engineering, 13 (6), 682-693. doi: 10.1016/j.ymben.2011.09.001

Rowland, Susan L., Smith, Christopher A., Gillam, Elizabeth M. A. and Wright, Tony (2011). The concept lens diagram: A new mechanism for presenting biochemistry content in terms of "big ideas". Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, 39 (4), 267-279. doi: 10.1002/bmb.20517

Toselli, F, Matthias, A, Bone, KM, Gillam, EMJ and Lehmann, RP (2010). Metabolism of the major Echinacea alkylamide N-isobutyldodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10Z-tetraenamide by human recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes and human liver microsomes. Phytotherapy Research, 24 (8), 1195-1201. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3111

Buske, Fabian A., Their, Ricarda, Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. and Boden, Mikael (2009). In silico characterization of protein chimeras: Relating sequence and function within the same fold. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, 77 (1), 111-120. doi: 10.1002/prot.22422

Shukla, A., Huang, W., Depaz, I. M. and Gillam, E. M. J. (2009). Membrane integration of recombinant human P450 forms. Xenobiotica, 39 (7), 495-507. doi: 10.1080/00498250902934884

Toselli, F., Matthias, A. and Gillam, E. M. J. (2009). Echinacea metabolism and drug interactions: The case for standardization of a complementary medicine. Life Sciences, 85 (3-4), 97-106. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.04.023

Tai, Guoying, Dickmann, Leslie J., Matovic, Nicholas, DeVoss, James J., Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. and Rettie, Allan E. (2008). Re-engineering of CYP2C9 to probe acid-base substrate selectivity. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 36 (10), 1992-1997. doi: 10.1124/dmd.108.022186

Johnston, Wayne A., Huang, Weiliang, De Voss, James J., Hayes, Martin A. and Gillam, Elizabeth M.J. (2008). Quantitative whole-cell cytochrome P450 measurement suitable for high-throughput application. Journal of Biomolecular Screening, 13 (2), 135-141. doi: 10.1177/1087057107312780

Ho, M. K., Mwenifumbo, J. C., Zhao, B., Gillam, E. M. J. and Tyndale, R. F. (2008). A novel CYP2A6 allele, CYP2A6*23, impairs enzyme function in vitro and in vivo and decreases smoking in a population of Black-African descent. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics, 18 (1), 67-75. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e3282f3606e

Gillam, E. M. J. (2008). Engineering cytochrome P450 enzymes. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 21 (1), 220-231. doi: 10.1021/tx7002849

Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. and Hunter, Dominic J. B. (2007). Chemical defense and exploitation, biotransformation of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Metal Ions in Life Sciences, 3, 477-560.

Johnston, Wayne A., Huang, Weiliang, De Voss, James J., Hayes, Martin A. and Gillam, Elizabeth M.J. (2007). A shuffled CYP1A library shows both structural integrity and functional diversity. Drug Metabolism And Disposition, 35 (12), 2177-2185. doi: 10.1124/dmd.107.017939

Huang, Weiliang, Johnston, Wayne A., Hayes, Martin A., De Voss, James J. and Gillam, Elizabeth M.J. (2007). A shuffled CYP2C library with a high degree of structural integrity and functional versatility. Archives of Biochemistry And Biophysics, 467 (2), 193-205. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.08.023

Rosic, Nedeljka N., Huang, Weiliang, Johnston, Wayne A., DeVoss, James J. and Gillam, Elizabeth M.J. (2007). Extending the diversity of cytochrome P450 enzymes by DNA family shuffling. Gene, 395 (1-2), 40-48. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2007.01.031

Warzecha, H, Frank, A, Peer, M, Gillam, EMJ, Guengerich, FP and Unger, M (2007). Formation of the indigo precursor indican in genetically engineered tobacco plants and cell cultures. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 5 (1), 185-191. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2006.00231.x

Elliot, DJ, Suharjono, Lewis, BC, Gillam, EMJ, Birkett, DJ, Gross, AS and Miners, JO (2007). Identification of the human cytochromes P450 catalysing the rate-limiting pathways of gliclazide elimination. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 64 (4), 450-457. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02943.x

Gillam, EMJ (2007). Extending the capabilities of nature's most versatile catalysts: Directed evolution of mammalian xenobiotic-metabolizing P450s. Archives of Biochemistry And Biophysics, 464 (2), 176-186. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.04.033

Shukla, Alka, Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. and Bernhardt, Paul V. (2006). Direct electrochemistry of human and rat NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase. Electrochemistry Communications, 8 (12), 1845-1849. doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.08.020

Polasek, TM, Elliot, DJ, Somogyi, AA, Gillam, EMJ, Lewis, BC and Miners, JO (2006). An evaluation of potential mechanism-based inactivation of human drug metabolizing cytochromes P450 by monoamine oxidase inhibitors, including isoniazid. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 61 (5), 570-584. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02627.x

Avent, Kathryn M., DeVoss, J. J. and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2006). Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol to pyridinium metabolites. Chemical Research In Toxicology, 19 (7), 914-920. doi: 10.1021/tx0600090

Bauer, Denis C., Boden, Mikael, Thier, Ricarda and Gillam, Elizabeth M. (2006). STAR: predicting recombination sites from amino acid sequence. BMC Bioinformatics, 7 (437) 437, 437. doi: 10.1186/1471-2105-7-437

Matthias, A., Gillam, E. M. J., Penman, K. G., Matovic, N. J., Bone, K. M., De Voss, J. J. and Lehmann, R. P. (2005). Cytochrome P450 enzyme-mediated degradation of Echinacea alkylamides in human liver microsomes. Chemico-biological Interactions, 155 (1-2), 62-70. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2005.04.003

Shukla, Alka, Gillam, Elizabeth M., Mitchell, Deanne J. and Bernhardt, Paul V. (2005). Direct electrochemistry of enzymes from the cytochrome P4502C family. Electrochemistry Communications, 7 (4), 437-442. doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2005.02.021

Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2005). Exploring the potential of xenobiotic-metabolising enzymes as biocatalysts: Evolving designer catalysts from polyfunctional cytochrome P450 enzymes. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 32 (3), 147-152. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04165.x

Dueckershoff, K., Unger, M., Frank, A., Gillam, E. M. J., Guengerich, F. P. and Warzecha, H. (2005). Modified nicotine metabolism in transgenic tobacco plants expressing the human cytochrome P450 2A6 cDNA. Febs Letters, 579 (11), 2480-2484. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.02.082

Kinobe, Robert T., Parkinson, Oliver T., Mitchell, Deanne J. and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2005). P4502C18 catalyzes the metabolic bioactivation of phenytoin. Chemical Research In Toxicology, 18 (12), 1868-1875. doi: 10.1021/tx050181o

Notley, LM, Crewe, KH, Taylor, PJ, Lennard, MS and Gillam, EMJ (2005). Characterization of the human cytochrome P450 forms involved in metabolism of tamoxifen to its alpha-hydroxy and alpha,4-dihydroxy derivatives. Chemical Research In Toxicology, 18 (10), 1611-1618. doi: 10.1021/tx050140s

Fairhead, M., Giannini, S., Gillam, E. M. J. and Gilardi, G. (2005). Functional characterisation of an engineered multidomain human P450 E1 by molecular Lego. Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 10 (8), 842-853. doi: 10.1007/s00775-005-0033-1

Davies, C., Witham, K., Scott, J. R., Pearson, A., De Voss, J. J., Graham, S. E. and Gillam, E. M. J. (2004). Assessment of arginine 97 and lysine 72 as determinants of substrate specificity in cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 32 (4), 431-436. doi: 10.1124/dmd.32.4.431

Cheesman, Matthew J., Baer, Brian R., Zheng, Yi-Min, Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. and Rettie, Allan E. (2003). Rabbit CYP4B1 engineered for high-level expression in Escherichia coli: ligand stabilization and processing of the N-terminus and heme prosthetic group. Archives of Biochemistry And Biophysics, 416 (1), 17-24. doi: 10.1016/S0003-9861(03)00278-9

Lewis, DFV, Gillam, EMJ, Everett, SA and Shimada, T (2003). Molecular modelling of human CYP1B1 substrate interactions and investigation of allelic variant effects on metabolism. Chemico-biological Interactions, 145 (3), 281-295. doi: 10.1016/S0009-2797(03)00021-8

Gillam, EMJ and Lennard, MS (2003). Evaluation of recombinant cytochromes P450 activity in metabolic pathways - Response. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 31 (1), 146-146.

Guengerich, F. Peter, Hanna, Imad H., Martin, Martha V. and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2003). Role of glutamic acid 216 in cytochrome P450 2D6 substrate binding and catalysis. Biochemistry, 42 (5), 1245-1253. doi: 10.1021/bi027085w

Gillam, E. M. J. (2002). DNA–protein adducts: hijacking one repair process to examine another. Trends in Pharmacolgical Sciences, 23 (5), 210-210. doi: 10.1016/S0165-6147(02)02033-3

Guengerich, F. P., Wheeler, J. B., Chun, Y. J., Kim, D., Shimada, T., Aryal, P., Oda, Y. and Gillam, E. M. J. (2002). Use of heterologously-expressed cytochomre P450 and glutathione transferase enzymes in toxicity assays. Toxicology, 181-182, 261-264. doi: 10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00293-7

Sridar, C, Kent, UM, Notley, LM, Gillam, EMJ and Hollenberg, PF (2002). Effect of tamoxifen on the enzymatic activity of human cytochrome CYP2B6. Journal of Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics, 301 (3), 945-952. doi: 10.1124/jpet.301.3.945

Gillam, E. M. J. (2002). Opposites attract, or do they? Rethinking the P450 2D6 pharmacophore model. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 23 (11), 501-501. doi: 10.1016/s0165-6147(02)02121-1

Gillam, E. M. J. (2002). S-SXR-RMs? Selective SXR response modulators - the future of designer drug interactions?. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 23 (8), 355-355. doi: 10.1016/s0165-6147(02)02092-8

Gillam, E. M. J. (2002). Coordinating clearance - the many phases of PXR!. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 23 (12), 548-549. doi: 10.1016/s0165-6147(02)02158-2

Notely, Lisa M., de Wolf, Cornelia J. F., Wunsch, Rebecca M., Lancaster, Roy G. and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2002). Bioactivation of tamoxifen by recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 15 (5), 614-622. doi: 10.1021/tx0100439

Crewe, H. K., Notley, L. M., Wunsch, R. M., Lennard, M. S. and Gillam, E. M. J. (2002). Metabolism of tamoxifen by recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes: Formation of the 4-hydroxy, 4′-hydroxy andN-desmethyl metabolites and isomerization oftrans-4-hydroxytamoxifen. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 30 (8), 869-874. doi: 10.1124/dmd.30.8.869

Gillam, E. M. J. (2001). The dark side of a 'detoxification' mechanism. TRENDS in Pharmacological Sciences, 22 (1), 11-11. doi: 10.1016/s0165-6147(00)01601-1

Shimada, T, Watanabe, J, Inoue, K, Guengerich, FP and Gillam, EMJ (2001). Specificity of 17 beta-oestradiol and benzo[a] pyrene oxidation by polymorphic human cytochrome P4501B1 variants substituted at residues 48, 119 and 432. Xenobiotica, 31 (3), 163-176. doi: 10.1080/00498250110043490

Gillam, E. M. J. (2001). The PXR ligand-binding domain: How to be picky and promiscuous at the same time. TRENDS in Pharmacological Sciences, 22 (9), 448-448. doi: 10.1016/S0165-6147(00)01847-2

Oda, Y, Aryal, P, Terashita, T, Gillam, EMJ, Guengerich, FP and Shimada, T (2001). Metabolic activation of heterocyclic amines and other procarcinogens in Salmonella typhimurium umu tester strains expressing human cytochrome P4501A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2C9, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4 and human NADPH-P450 reductase and bacterial O-acetyltransferase. Mutation Research-genetic Toxicology And Environmental Mutagenesis, 492 (1-2), 81-90. doi: 10.1016/S1383-5718(01)00154-1

Shimada, T, Oda, Y, Gillam, EMJ, Guengerich, FP and Inoue, K (2001). Metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other procarcinogens by cytochromes P450 1A1 and P4501B1 allelic variants and other human cytochromes P450 in Salmonella typhimurium NM2009. Drug Metabolism And Disposition, 29 (9), 1176-1182.

Gillam, E. M. J. (2001). Hang onto your haem....what's happened to CYP4A?. TRENDS in Pharmacological Sciences, 22 (5), 220-220. doi: 10.1016/s0165-6147(00)01709-0

Gillam, EMJ and Guengerich, FP (2001). Exploiting the versatility of human cytochrome P450 enzymes: The promise of blue roses from biotechnology. Iubmb Life, 52 (6), 271-277. doi: 10.1080/152165401317291110

Komatsu, T., Yamazaki, H., Asahi, S., Gillam, E. M., Guengerich, F. P., Nakajima, M. and Yokoi, T. (2000). Formation of a dihydroxy metabolite of phenytoin in human liver microsomes/cytosol: roles of cytochromes P450 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 28 (11), 1361-1368.

Komatsu, T., Yamazaki, H., Asahi, S., Gillam, E. M. J., Guengerich, F. P., Nakajima, M. and Yokoi, T. (2000). Formation of a dihydroxy metabolite of phenytoin in human liver microsomes/cytosol: Roles of cytochromes P450 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 28 (11), 1361-1368.

Shimada, Tsutomu, Tsumura, Fujiko, Gillam, Elizabeth M. J., Guengerich, F. Peter and Inoue, Kiyoshi (2000). Roles of NADPH-P450 reductase in the O-Deethylation of 7-Ethoxycoumarin by recombinant human cytochrome P450 1B1 variants in Escherichia coli. Protein Expression and Purification, 20 (1), 73-80. doi: 10.1006/prep.2000.1302

Cuttle, L., Munns, A., Hogg, N., Scott, J. R., Hooper, W. D., Dickinson, R. G. and Gillam, E. M. J. (2000). Phenytoin metabolism by human cytochrome P450: Involvement of P450 3A and 2C Fprms in secondary metabolism and drug-protein adduct formation. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 28 (8), 945-950.

Watanabe, J., Shimada, T., Gillam, E. M. J., Ikuta, T., Suemasu, K., Higashi, Y., Gotoh, O. and Kawajiri, K. (2000). Association of CYP1B1 genetic polymorphism with incidence to breast and lung cancer. Pharmacogenetics, 10 (1), 25-33. doi: 10.1097/00008571-200002000-00004

Gillam, E. M. J. (2000). Transgenic xenosensors: humanizing mice. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 21 (9), 330-331. doi: 10.1016/S0165-6147(00)01532-7

Gillam, E. M. J., Notley, L. M., Cai, H. L., De Voss, J. J. and Guengerich, F. P. (2000). Oxidation of Indole by Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Biochemistry, 39 (45), 13817-13824. doi: 10.1021/bi001229u

Guengerich, F. P., Parikh, A., Yun, C., Kim, D., Nakamura, K., Notley, L. and Gillam, E. M. J. (2000). What makes P450s work? Searches for answers with known and new P450s*. Drug Metabolism Reviews, 32 (3-4), 267-281. doi: 10.1081/DMR-100102334

Yamazaki, H, Nakajima, M, Nakamura, M, Asahi, S, Shimada, N, Gillam, EMJ, Guengerich, FP, Shimada, T and Yokoi, T (1999). Enhancement of cytochrome P-450 3A4 catalytic activities by cytochrome b(5) in bacterial membranes. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 27 (9), 999-1004.

Shimada, Tsutomu, Watanabe, Junko, Kawajiri, Kaname, Sutter, Thomas R., Guengerich, F. Peter, Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. and Inoue, Kiyoshi (1999). Catalytic properties of polymorphic human cytochrome P450 1B1 variants. Carcinogenesis, 20 (8), 1607-1613. doi: 10.1093/carcin/20.8.1607

Gillam, E. M. J., Aguinaldo, A. M. A., Notley, L. M., Kim, D., Mundkowski, R. G., Volkov, A. A., Arnold, F. H., Soucek, P., DeVoss, J. J. and Guengerich, F. P. (1999). Formation of indigo by recombinant mammalian cytochrome P450. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 265 (2), 469-472. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1702

Shimada, Tsutomu, Gillam, Elizabeth M. J., Oda, Yoshimitsu, Tsumura, Fujiko, Sutter, Thomas R., Guengerich, F. Peter and Inoue, Kiyoshi (1999). Metabolism of Benzo(a)pyrene to trans-7,8Dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene by Recombinant Human Cytochrome P450 1B1 and Purified Liver Epoxide Hydrolase. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 12 (7), 623-629. doi: 10.1021/tx990028s

Hanna, I. H. and Gillam, E. M J (1998). Analysis of cytochrome P450 2D6: Substrate interactions by site-directed mutagenesis. FASEB Journal, 12 (8)

Guengerich, FP, Hosea, NA, Parikh, A, Bell-Parikh, LC, Johnson, WW, Gillam, EMJ and Shimada, T (1998). Twenty years of biochemistry of human P450s - Purification, expression, mechanism, and relevance to drugs. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 26 (12), 1175-1178.

Gillam, EMJ (1998). Human cytochrome P450 enzymes expressed in bacteria: Reagents to probe molecular interactions in toxicology. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 25 (11), 877-886. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02338.x

Shimada, T, Wunsch, RM, Hanna, IH, Sutter, TR, Guengerich, FP and Gillam, EMJ (1998). Recombinant human cytochrome P450 1B1 expression in Escherichia coli. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 357 (1), 111-120. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1998.0808

Bidwell, L. M., Gillam, E. M. J., Gaedigk, A., Zhu, X., Grant, D. and McManus, M. E. (1998). Bacterial expression of two human aryl sulfotransferases. Chemico-biological Interactions, 109 (1-3), 137-141. doi: 10.1016/S0009-2797(97)00128-2

Gillam, EMJ, Wunsch, RM, Ueng, YF, Shimada, T, Reilly, PEB, Kamataki, T and Guengerich, FP (1997). Expression of cytochrome P450 3A7 in Escherichia coli: Effects of 5' modification and catalytic characterization of recombinant enzyme expressed in bicistronic format with NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 346 (1), 81-90. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1997.0286

Munns, Andrew J., De Voss, James J., Hooper, Wayne D., Dickinson, Ronald G. and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (1997). Bioactivation of Phenytoin by Human Cytochrome P450: Characterization of the Mechanism and Targets of Covalent Adduct Formation. Chemical Research In Toxicology, 10 (9), 1049-1058. doi: 10.1021/tx9700836

Parikh, A, Gillam, EMJ and Guengerich, FP (1997). Drug metabolism by Escherichia coli expressing human cytochromes P450. Nature Biotechnology, 15 (8), 784-788. doi: 10.1038/nbt0897-784

Yamazaki, H, Gillam, EMJ, Dong, MS, Johnson, WW, Guengerich, FP and Shimada, T (1997). Reconstitution of recombinant cytochrome P450 2C10(2C9) and comparison with cytochrome P450 3A4 and other forms: Effects of cytochrome P450-P450 and cytochrome P450-b5 interactions. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 342 (2), 329-337. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1997.0125

Shimada, T., Gillam, E. M. J., Sutter, T. R., Strickland, P. T., Guengerich, F. P. and Yamazaki, H. (1997). Oxidation of xenobiotics by recombinant human cytochrome P450 1B1. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 25 (5), 617-622.

Yamazaki, H, Nakano, M, Gillam, EMJ, Bell, LC, Guengerich, FP and Shimada, T (1996). Requirements for cytochrome b5 in the oxidation of 7-ethoxycoumarin, chlorzoxazone, aniline, and N-nitrosodimethylamine by recombinant cytochrome P450 2E1 and by human liver microsomes. Biochemical Pharmacology, 52 (2), 301-309. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(96)00208-0

Guengerich, FP, Gillam, EMJ and Shimada, T (1996). New applications of bacterial systems to problems in toxicology. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 26 (5), 551-583. doi: 10.3109/10408449609037477

Gillam, Emj, Guo, ZY, Martin, MV, Jenkins, CM and Guengerich, FP (1995). Expression of Cytochrome P450 2D6 in Escherichia coli, Purification, and Spectral and Catalytic Characterization. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 319 (2), 540-550. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1995.1329

Gillam, Emj, Guo, ZY, Ueng, YF, Yamazaki, H, Cock, I, Reilly, Peb, Hooper, WD and Guengerich, FP (1995). Expression of Cytochrome-P450-3A5 in Escherichia-Coli - Effects of 5' Modification, Purification, Spectral Characterization, Reconstitution Conditions, and Catalytic Activities (Vol 317, Pg 374, 1995). Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 318 (2), 498-498. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1995.1259

Gillam, Elizabeth M. J., Guo, Zuyu, Ueng, Yune-Fang, Yamazaki, Hiroshi, Cock, Ian, Reilly, Paul E. B., Hooper, Wayne D. and Guengerich, F. Peter (1995). Expression of cytochrome-p450-3a5 in escherichia coli: Effects of 5′ modification, purification, spectral characterization, reconstitution conditions, and catalytic activities. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 317 (2), 374-384. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1995.1177

Shimada, T, Gillam, Emj, Sandhu, P, Guo, ZY, Tukey, RH and Guengerich, FP (1994). Activation of Procarcinogens by Human Cytochrome-P450 Enzymes Expressed in Escherichia-Coli - Simplified Bacterial Systems for Genotoxicity Assays. Carcinogenesis, 15 (11), 2523-2529. doi: 10.1093/carcin/15.11.2523

Guo, ZY, Gillam, Emj, Ohmori, S, Tukey, RH and Guengerich, FP (1994). Expression of modified human cytochrome P450 1A1 in Escherichia coli: Effects of 5' substitution, stabilization, purification, spectral characterization, and catalytic properties. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 312 (2), 436-446. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1994.1330

Gillam, Emj, Guo, ZY and Guengerich, FP (1994). Expression of modified human cytochrome P450 2E1 in Escherichia coli, purification, and spectral and catalytic properties. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 312 (1), 59-66. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1994.1280

Guengerich, FP, Gillam, Emj, Ohmori, S, Sandhu, P, Brian, WR, Sari, MA and Iwasaki, M (1993). Expression of human cytochrome P450 enzymes in yeast and bacteria and relevance to studies on catalytic specificity. Toxicology, 82 (1-3), 21-37. doi: 10.1016/0300-483X(93)90057-Y

GILLAM, EMJ, BABA, T, KIM, BR, OHMORI, S and GUENGERICH, FP (1993). EXPRESSION OF MODIFIED HUMAN CYTOCHROME-P450 3A4 IN ESCHERICHIA-COLI AND PURIFICATION AND RECONSTITUTION OF THE ENZYME. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 305 (1), 123-131. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1993.1401

Otton, SV, Gillam, Emj, Lennard, MS, Tucker, GT and Woods, HF (1990). Propranolol Oxidation by Human Liver-Microsomes - the Use of Cumene Hydroperoxide to Probe Isoenzyme Specificity and Regioselectivity and Stereoselectivity. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 30 (5), 751-760. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1990.tb03846.x

Mitchell, JA, Gillam, Emj, Stanley, LA and Sim, E (1990). Immunotoxic Side-Effects of Drug Therapy. Drug Safety, 5 (3), 168-178. doi: 10.2165/00002018-199005030-00002

Reilly, Peb, Mason, SR and Gillam, Emj (1988). Differential Inhibition of Human-Liver Phenacetin O-Deethylation by Histamine and 4 Histamine H-2-Receptor Antagonists. Xenobiotica, 18 (4), 381-387.

Gillam, Emj and Reilly, Peb (1988). Phenacetin O-Deethylation by Human-Liver Microsomes - Kinetics and Propranolol Inhibition. Xenobiotica, 18 (1), 95-104.

Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. and Reilly, Paul E. B. (1988). Phenacetin o-deethylation by human liver microsomes: Kinetics and propranolol inhibition. Xenobiotica, 18 (1), 95-104. doi: 10.3109/00498258809055140

Reilly, P. E B, Mason, S. R. and Gillam, E. M J (1988). Differential inhibition of human liver phenacetin o-deethylation by histamine and four histamine h2-receptor antagonists. Xenobiotica, 18 (4), 381-387. doi: 10.3109/00498258809041674

Bogeyevitch, MA, Gillam, Emj, Reilly, Peb and Winzor, DJ (1987). Physical partitioning as the major source of metoprolol uptake by hepatic microsomes. Biochemical Pharmacology, 36 (23), 4167-4168. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(87)90576-4

Gillam, E and Ward, LC (1986). Cellular-Energy Charge in the Heart and Liver of the Rat - the Effects of Ethanol and Acetaldehyde. International Journal of Biochemistry, 18 (11), 1031-1038. doi: 10.1016/0020-711X(86)90249-1

Conference Papers

Toselli, Francesca, Worrall, Simon, Wilce, Peter A., Dodd, Peter R. and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2014). Cyp2E1 and Cyp2U1 Protein Expression in Human Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex: Influence of Alcoholism and Smoking. 10th International Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Xenobiotics (ISSX), Toronto, Canada, 29 September - 03 October 2013. New York, NY United States: Informa Healthcare.

Toselli, Francesca, De Waziers, I., Wilce, P., Gillam, M. J. and Loriot, M. A. (2012). Quantification of cytochromes P450, ABC transporters and their main transcription factors in the brains of alcoholics, smokers and drug-free controls by QRT-PCR. 18th North American Regional International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics (ISSX) Meeting, Dallas, TX, United States, 14-18 October 2012. New York, NY, United States: Informa Healthcare. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2012.744573

Rowland, S., Gillam, E. M. J., Hamilton, S. E., Ramakrishna, M., Reid, A., Smith, C., Ward, L. C., Wood, I. and Wright, A. (2010). Rebuilding a generalist biochemistry course around core concepts rather than heavy content: Painting the big picture for a large mixed-learner cohort. 21st Biennial Conference on Chemistry Education, Denton, TX, U.S.A., 1-5 August 2010.

Toselli, F., Matthias, A., Bone, K. M., Gillam, E. M. J. and Lehmann, R. P. (2008). Metabolism of Echinacea alkamides by human recombinant P450 enzymes. 7th Joint Meeting of GA, AFERP, ASP, PSE & SIF, Athens, Greece, 3-8 August, 2008. Stuttgart, Germany: Thieme. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1083940

Gillam, Elizabeth M. J., Johnston, W. A., DeVoss, J. J., Soucek, Pavel and Hunter, D. J. B. (2006). Dna family shuffling of mammalian P450s from CYP2A and CYP3A subfamilies. 14th North American Meeting of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics, Rio Grande, Puerto Rico, 22-26 October 2006. Philadelphia, PA USA: Taylor & Francis.

Rosic, Nedeljka, Lonhienne, Thierry G.A., DeVoss, James J. and Gillam, Elizabeth M.J. (2003). Directed evolution of mammalian cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism. 8th European Meeting of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics (ISSX), Dijon, France, 27 April - 1 May, 2003. New York: Marcel Dekker. doi: 10.1081/DMR-120020120

Guengerich, F. Peter, Chun, Young-Jin, Kim, Donghak, Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. and Shimada, Tsutomu (2003). Cytochrome P4501B1: a target for inhibition in anticarcinogenesis strategies. Conference on Dietary and Medicinal Antimutagens and Anticarcinogens, Seoul, South Korea, 17-19 October, 2001. Amsterdam: Elseiver. doi: 10.1016/S0027-5107(02)00333-0

Henly, D. C., Gillam, E. M. J., Huxham, G. J. and Forrest, A. (2003). Web-based problem-solving exercises in assessment. 3rd International Symposium on PBL in Dental Education, Victor Harbour, SA, January, 2003.

Kinobe, RT, Dickinson, RG and Gillam, EMJ (2001). Deletion of glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (GSTT1) and anticonvulsant (ACD)-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. CLARE: ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD.

Guengerich, F. P., Wheeler, J.B., Chun, Y.J., Kim, D., Shimada, T., Aryal, P., Oda, Y. and Gillam, E. M. J. (2001). Expressed P450s in toxicity assays. 9th International Congress of Toxicology (ICT IX), Brisbane, Australia, 8-12 July, 2001. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/S0300-483X(01)00386-9

Notley, L., Avent, K., Noble, C. J., Hanson, G. R. and Gillam, E. M. J. (2001). Characterization of chimeric mutant enzymes derived from P450S 3A4 and 3A5: catalytic and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies. 12th International Conference on Cytochrome P450, La Grande Motte, France, 11-15 September 2001. France:

Kinobe, R. T., Dickinson, R. G. and Gillam, E. M. J. (2001). Deletion of glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (GSTT1) and anti-convulsant (ACD)-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. IXth International Congress of Toxicology, Brisbane, 8-12 July 2001. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Notley, L., De Wolf, C., Wunsch, R. and Gillam, E. M. J. (2001). Bioactivation of tamoxifen by recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes. IXth International Congress of Toxicology, Brisbane, Australia, 8-12 July, 2001. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/S0300-483X(01)00386-9

Notley, L., Avent, K., Noble, C. J., Hanson, G. R. and Gillam, E. M. J. (2001). Characterization of CYP3A4/3A5 chimeric enzymes: catalytic and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies. 6th International ISSX Meeting, Munich, 7-11 October 2001. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc..

Guengerich, F. Peter, Parikh, Asit, Yun, Chul-Ho, Kim, Donghak, Nakamura, Katsunori, Notley, Lisa M. and Gillam, Elizabeth M. J. (2000). What makes P450s work? Searches for answers with known and new P450s. doi: 10.1081/DMR-100102334

Kinobe, R., Dickinson, R. G. and Gillam, E. M. J. (2000). Genetic deletion of glutathione S-Transferases Theta-1 (GSTT1) and MU-1 (GSTM1) and the aromatic anticonvulsant drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. ASCEPT Annual Scientific Meeting 2000, Newcastle, Australia, 3 - 6 December, 2000. Sydney, Australia: ASCEPT.

Gillam, E. M. J., Notley, L., Guengerich, F. P., Shimada, T. and Lennard, M. S. (2000). Examining tissue-specific bioactivation in vitro: Cytochrome P450 1B1 and other extrahepatic forms in the metabolism of carcinogens. Pacifichem 2000 Proceedings, Honolulu, USA, 13 - 20 December, 2000. American Chemical Society.

Shimada, T., Aryal, P., Gillam, E. M. J., Guengerich, F. P. and Oda, Y. (2000). Use of recombinant human P450 enzymes in the studies of drug metabolism and chemical carcinogenesis. Millennial World Congress of Pharmaceutical Sciences, San Francisco, USA, 16 - 20 April, 2000. USA:

Kim, D., Gillam, E. M. J., Aguinaldo, A. M., Notley, L., Mundkowski, R. G., Volkov, A. A., Arnold, F. H., Soucek, P., De Voss, J. J. and Guengerich, F. P. (2000). Formation of indigo by recombinant mammalian cytochrome P450. Joint meeting ASBMB/ASPET 2000, Boston, MA, USA, 4 - 8 June, 2000. USA: The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

Oda, Y., Aryal, P., Gillam, E. M. J., Guengerich, F. P. and Shimada, T. (2000). Involvement of human P450s in the metabolic activation of heterocyclic amines using UMU tester strains. Meeting of the Environmental Mutagens Society, New Orleans, USA, April, 2000. USA:

Notley, L., Crewe, K. H., Lennard, M. S. and Gillam, E. M. J. (2000). The biotransformation of tamoxifen by human vytochrome P450 enzymes leads to the production of potentially genotoxic metabolites. ASCEPT Annual Scientific Meeting 2000, Newcastle, Australia, 3 - 6 December, 2000. Sydney, Australia: ASCEPT.

Guengerich, F. P., Cai, H., Notley, L., De Voss, J. J. and Gillam, E. M. J. (2000). Oxidation of indole by human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Joint meeting ASBMB/ASPET 2000, Boston, MA, USA, 4 - 8 June, 2000. BETHESDA: The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

Hanna, IH, Gillam, EMJ and Guengerich, FP (1998). Analysis of cytochrome P450 2D6 : substrate interactions by site-directed mutagenesis. BETHESDA: FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL.

Guengerich, FP, Shimada, T, Gillam, EMJ, Sutter, TR and Wunsch, RM (1998). Expression of human cytochrome P4501B1 in bacteria. BETHESDA: FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL.

Gillam, EMJ, Wunsch, RM, Ueng, YF, Shimada, T, Parikh, A, Kamataki, T and Guengerich, FP (1997). Expression of P450 3A7 in Escherichia coli: Effects of 5' modification and catalytic characterization of the recombinant enzyme. BETHESDA: FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL.

Yamazaki, H, Gillam, EMJ, Dong, MS, Johnson, WW, Guengerich, FP and Shimada, T (1997). Comparison of reconstitution conditions for recombinant human P450 2C9 with systems containing P450S 1A1, 1A2, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4. Effects of P450-P450 and P450-b(5) interactions. BETHESDA: FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL.

Dong, MS, Guo, Z, Philips, DR, Bell, LC, Howard, E, Blair, IA, Gillam, Emj, Baba, T, Waterman, MR and Guengerich, FP (1995). Retention of N-Formylmethionine in Recombinant Bacterial Cytochrome-P450 Enzymes Containing the N-Terminal Sequence Malllavfl. BETHESDA: FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL.

Guo, Z, Sandhu, P, Gillam, Emj, Martin, MV and Guengerich, FP (1994). Expression and Purification of Human Cytochrome-P450 Enzymes From Escherichia-Coli. BETHESDA: FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL.

Guengerich, FP, Kim, BR, Gillam, Emj and Shimada, T (1994). Mechanisms of Enhancement and Inhibition of Cytochrome-P450 Catalytic Activities. 8th International Conference on Cytochrome P450: Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Lisbon Portugal, Oct 24-28, 1993. MONTROUGE: JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD.

Sandhu, P, Gillam, Emj, Baba, T, Kim, BR and Guengerich, FP (1993). Expression of Human Cytochrome-P450 Enzymes in Escherichia-Coli, Purification, and Reconstitution of Catalytic Activity. BETHESDA: FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL.

Kim, BR, Baba, T, Gillam, Emj and Guengerich, FP (1993). 3-Alpha-Hydroxylation and 8,9-Epoxidation of Aflatoxin-B(1) by Cytochrome-P450-3A4 - Evidence for Allosteric Behavior in Microsomal-Membranes and a Recombinant Enzyme. BETHESDA: FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL.

Gillam, Emj, Omori, S, Sandhu, P and Guengerich, FP (1992). Expression of Human Cytochrome-P-450-3A4 and Cytochrome-P450-2E1 in the Bacterium Escherichia-Coli. BETHESDA: FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL.

Gillam, Emj and Harvey, DJ (1991). Spectral Studies Investigating the Binding of Cyclosporine-A to Hepatic Cytochromes-P450. 4Th International Symp On the Biological Oxidation of Nitrogen in Organic Molecules, Munich Fed Rep Ger, Sep 17-21, 1989. STUTTGART: GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG.

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Behrendorff, James , Gumulya, Yosephine and Gillam, Elizabeth (2019, 03 01). Future chemistry from the distant past Australasian Science 19-21.